Λεξικό Liddell-Scott-Κωνσταντινίδου

Λεξικό Liddell-Scott-Κωνσταντινίδου

Φιλιππησίους / Philippians 2:6: Τι σημαίνει το ρήμα ἡγέομαι;What is the meaning of the verb ἡγέομαι?

Λεξικό Liddell & Scott
(μετάφρ. Μ. Κωνσταντινίδου & Ξ. Μόσχου,
εκδ. Ι. Σιδέρη, 1904), 2:431.

ἡγέομαι,
Dor. ἁγ-έομαι (irreg. pres. part. ἁγώμενος Hymn.Curet.4), impf. ἡγούμην Il.12.28, etc., Ion. -εύμην Hdt.2.115, ἡγέοντο Id.9.15: fut. ἡγήσομαι Il.14.374, etc.: aor. 1 ἡγησάμην Od.14.48, etc.: aor. 1 ἡγήθην in pass. sense, PGiss.48.20 (iii A.D.) (cf. περιηγ-): pf. ἥγημαι Hdt.1.126, 2.115, ἅγημαι Pi.P.4.248:—go before, lead the way, ὣς εἰπὼν ἡγεῖθ’, ἡ δ’ ἕσπετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη Od.1.125; ἂν πάϊς ἡγήσαιτο νήπιος 6.300, etc.; πρόσθεν δὲ . . Ἶρις ἡγεῖτ’ Il.24.96; ἡγοῦ πάροιθε E. Ph.834; ἡ. ἐπὶ νῆα Od.13.65; ἐς τεῖχος Il.20.144; κλισίηνδε Od.14. 48, cf. Hdt.2.93, etc.; ἡγησόμενος οὐδεὶς ἔσται X.An.2.4.5: Astron., precede in the daily movement, Autol.2.3, al.

b. c. dat. pers., Τρωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι Il.22.101; ἐκ Δουλιχίου . . ἡγεῖτο μνηστῆρσι Od.16.397; οἱ γὰρ βλέποντες τοῖς τυφλοῖς ἡγούμεθα Ar.Pl.15; ἡ. τοῖς πολίταις πρὸς ἀρετήν X.Ages.10.2.
c. with ὁδόν added, ὁδὸν ἡγήσασθαι to go before on the way, Od.10.263; ἡ. τινὶ τὴν ὁδόν Hdt.9.15.
d. c. acc. loci, ἥ οἱ . . πόλιν ἡγήσαιτο who might guide him to the city, Od.6.114, cf. 7.22, 15.82; ἡ. βωμοὺς ἀστικούς A.Supp.501.
e. ἅρματα ἡ. drive chariots, Philostr.Im.2.23.
f. of logical priority, to be antecedent, opp. ἕπεσθαι, Stoic.2.71, 88, S.E. M.8.110, al., Dam.Pr.241, Phlp.in GC195.13, in Ph.496.14.
g. ἡγούμενον, τό, the leading principle, the main thing, Ph.Bel.63.14, cf. Sosip.1.47.

2. c. dat. pers. et gen. rei, to be one's leader in a thing, θεῖος ἀοιδὸς . . ἡμῖν ἡγείσθω . . ὀρχηθμοῖο Od.23.134; ἡ. τινὶ σοφίας, ᾠδῆς, Pi.P. l.c., Pl.Alc.1.125d; ἀλήθεια δὴ πάντων μὲν ἀγαθῶν θεοῖς ἡγεῖται πάντων δὲ ἀνθρώποις Id.Lg.730c; ἡ. τοῦ χοροῦ Πέρσαις X.Cyr.8.7.1, cf. Call.Del.313: c. gen. rei, ἁ. νόμων to lead the song, Pi.N.5.25; φρόνησις ἡ. τοῦ ὀρθῶς πράττειν Pl.Men.97c; ἡ. παντὸς καὶ λόγου καὶ ἔργου X.Mem.2.3.15: also, τὸ ὀρθῶς τοῖς τοιούτοις χρῆσθαι ἐπιστήμη ἦν ἡγουμένη Pl.Euthd.281a.
3. c. dat. rei, to be leader in . . , κερδοσύνῃ, νηπιέῃσι ἡ. τινί, Il.22.247, Od.24.469.
4. c. acc. rei, lead, conduct, ἡ. τὰς πομπάς D.21.174; τὴν ἀποδημίαν (v.l. for ᾐτήσατο) Dinon 7; τὰς τύχας E.Supp.226: with adverbial acc., ἡ γλῶσσα πάνθ’ ἡγουμένη S.Ph.99.
5. part. ἡγούμενος, η, ον, as Adj., σκέλη ἡγούμενα, opp. ἑπόμενα, the front legs, Arist.IA713b6; ὁ ἡ. πούς the advanced foot, Id.Fr.74.

II. lead, command in war, c. dat., νῆες θοαί, ᾗσιν Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐς Τροίην ἡγεῖτο Il.16.169, cf. Od.14.238; οὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν ἐπὶ στίχας ἡγήσαιτο might lead them to their ranks, Il.2.687; ἡ. Τρώεσσιν ἐς Ἴλιον 5.211; ἡ. Μῄοσιν 2.864; λόγχαισιν E.Ba.1360; ἑτέροις Lys. 31.17, cf. X.An.5.2.6; ἐν ταῖς στρατείαις, αἷς ἡγεῖται βασιλεύς Isoc. 12.180: also generally, πόλει E.Fr.282.24; but usu. c. gen., Σαρπηδὼν δ’ ἡγήσατ’ . . ἐπικούρων Il.12.101; ἡγήσατο λαῶν 15.311, cf. 2.567, al.; ἡ. τῆς ἐξόδου Th.2.10; ἡγούμενος τῶν ἡδονῶν ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀγόμενος ὑπ’ αὐτῶν Isoc.9.45: abs., to be in command, Id.16.21, etc.

2. rule, have dominion, c. gen., τῆς Ἀσίης, τῆς συμμαχίης, Hdt.1.95, 7.148; οἱ Θεσσαλίης ἡγεόμενοι Id.9.1: abs., οἱ ἡγούμενοι the rulers, S. Ph.386, cf. A.Ag.1363; ἡ. ἐν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς leading men, Act.Ap. 15.22; ἡ. σχολῆς to be the head of a philosophical school, Phld.Acad. Ind.p.107 M., al.
3. as official title, ἡγούμενος, ὁ, president, συνόδου PGrenf.2.67.3 (iii A.D.); γερδίων ib.43.9 (i A.D.); ἱερέων PLond. 2.281.2 (i A.D.): abs., PFay.110.26 (i A.D.).

b. of Roman governors, ἡ. ἔθνους, = Lat. praeses provinciae, POxy.1020.5 (ii/iii A.D.); ἡ. τῆς Γαλατίας Luc.Alex.44.
c. of subordinate officials, ἡ. τοῦ στρατηγοῦ POxy.294.19 (i A.D.); κώμης PRyl.125.3 (i A.D.).
d. abbot, Just.Nov.7.1, al.: fem. -μένη abbess, ibid.

4. ἡγούμενος as Adj., principal, πυλών PFlor.382.15 (iii A.D.), POxy.55.9 (iii A.D.).

III. post-Hom., believe, hold, Hdt. (usu. in pf. ἥγημαι, 3pl. ἡγέαται), etc.; ἡ. τι εἶναι Id.1.126, al.; ἡγεῖσθε δὲ [θεοὺς] βλέπειν . . πρὸς τὸν εὐσεβῆ βροτῶν S.OC278, cf. Th.2.89, Ar.Nu.1020 (lyr.), etc.

2. with an attributive word added, ἡ. τινὰ βασιλέα hold or regard as king, Hdt.6.52; μηδ’ αὐθαδίαν εὐβουλίας ἀμείνον’ ἡγήσῃ ποτέ A.Pr.1035; ἅπαντας ἐχθροὺς τῶν θεῶν ἡγοῦ πλέον Id.Ch.902, cf. 905; ἡ. τἄλλα πάντα δεύτερα to hold everything else secondary, S.Ph.1442; οὐκ αἰσχρὸν ἡγῇ . . τὰ ψευδῆ λέγειν; ib.108, cf. Ant.1167; τὰς τούτων ἀπορίας ἀντιπάλους ἡ. τῷ ἡμετέρῳ πλήθει Th.4.10; περὶ πολλοῦ ἥγημαι μὴ ξεινοκτονέειν Hdt.2.115; περὶ πλείονος Isoc.19.10; περὶ πλείστου Th.2.89; περὶ οὐδενός Lys.7.26; παρ’ οὐδέν Decr. ap. D.18.164: c. part., πᾶν κέρδος ἡγοῦ ζημιουμένη φυγῇ E.Med.454.
3. esp. of belief in gods, τὴν μεγίστην δαίμονα ἥγηνται εἶναι Hdt.2.40, cf. 3.8; ἡ. θεούς to believe in gods, Ar.Eq.32, E.Hec.800, Ba.1326; δαίμονας ἡ. Pl.Ap.27d.
4. ἡγοῦμαι δεῖν think fit, deem necessary, c. inf., And.1.23, D.1.20: without δεῖν, παθεῖν μᾶλλον ἡγησάμενοι ἤ . . Th.2.42 (s.v.l.); ἡγησάμην διατάγματι αὐτοὺς σωφρονίσαι Inscr.Magn.114 (ii A.D.); ἡγήσατο ἐπαινέσαι Pl.Prt.346b.

IV. pf. in pass. sense, τὰ ἁγημένα, = τὰ νομιζόμενα, Orac. ap. D.43.66; ἡγεόμενον being led, Hdt.3.14 (ἀγόμενον Dind.): hence act. form ἡγέω, Hdn.Gr.2.950. (sāg-, cf. Lat. praesagio.)

Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon,
p./σ. 763.

The Greek New Testament
(4th rev. ed., United Bible Societies, 2007),
Dictionary p./σ. 80.

«δεν διανοήθηκε κάποια αρπαγή»

Oxford Greek-English Learner's Dictionary,
Stavropoulos, 1988, p./σ. 225.

A Greek and English Dictionary,
J. Groves, 1834, p./σ. 144.

A Modern Greek and English lexicon,
I. Lowndes, 1837, p./σ. 190.

An Intermediate Greek English Lexicon,
Liddell & Scott, 1889, p./σ. 192.

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Ξενοφών Μόσχου: Ο παραγνωρισμένος Θεσσαλονικέας Ευαγγελικός που άοκνα μετέφρασε στα Ελληνικά το Λεξικό των Liddell και Scott

«Henry G. Liddell και Robert Scott, Λεξικόν της ελληνικής γλώσσης, μετάφραση Ξενοφών Π. Μόσχου, 1η έκδ. Ανέστης Κωνσταντινίδης, 1901».

Υπήρξε άοκνος λόγιος που παρήγαγε την ελληνική μετάφραση του μνημειώδους λεξικογραφικού έργου των Liddell και Scott. Σε μια δύσκολη ιστορική περίοδο, έφυγε από την Θεσσαλονίκη και σπούδασε στα πανεπιστήμια της Αθήνας και του Εδιμβούργου.

Εντούτοις, ούτε μια γραμμή δεν του χάρισαν οι Έλληνες ειδικοί στις σελίδες των εγκυκλοπαιδειών. Κανένας από τους διάσημους ιστορικούς δεν αναρωτήθηκε αν το όνομα του ήταν εντέλει Μόσχος ή Μόσχου. Κανένας δεν έψαξε να βρει ποιος έκανε δώρο στις νεώτερες γενιές της Ελλάδας το αξεπέραστο λεξικό της ελληνικής γλώσσας. Γιατί;

Ο Ξενοφών Μόσχου (1858-1939) ήταν μέλος της Ελληνικής Ευαγγελικής Εκκλησίας. Αν και ήταν γιος παπά και ανατράφηκε ως Ορθόδοξος χριστιανός, η ευαγγελικαλιστική αμεσότητα του χριστιανικού άγγελματος άγγιξε την καρδιά του σε νεαρή ηλικία. Τα υπόλοιπα βιογραφικά στοιχεία του Μόσχου παραθέτονται εν είδει αποσπασμάτων:

«There is to-day in the employ of the American Board at Smyrna, a gifted young Greek. Xenophon Moschou, who is the pastor of the Evangelical Greek Church at Smyrna. I thank God that it was my privilege to take that boy from the street and prepare him for the work to which God, in His providence, has called him. The son of a priest in Thessalonica, he went to the University of Athens, obtained the Ph.D. degree, and is one of the most accomplished scholars among the Greek nation to-day. That young man is capable of doing the highest literary work; he is now preaching and doing what he can in Smyrna as the pastor of that church. For want of means his brilliant talents are unutilized, except that one of the largest publishing houses at Athens paid him to translate Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon into modern Greek. You know what a stupendous work that is. He gave nearly two years of his valuable time to the translation of that work. Now, I say, a man whose scholarship is recognized by his own people is now rusting, so far as his highest equipment is concerned, because God's people have not yet awakened to the responsibility which rests upon them to put into the hands of this native brother, under the guidance of missionaries for the selection of material, the means to prepare that literature which is necessary, not only for the evangelization of the unconverted, but for the edification of God's own people».
(American Tract Society, Ecumenical conference on foreign missions, 1900, τόμ. 2ος, Νέα Υόρκη 1900, σ. 57)

«There have been many obstacles in the development of the Evangelical church in Greece proper. Persecutions have not been wanting, the chief being that of 1892, when a mob attacked the church at Piraeus and the leaders of that church barely escaped with their lives. [...] In the city of Athens there are two congregations, the original one, of which Dr. M. D. Kalopothakes was pastor for many years, and one for the refugee congregation of Smyrna presided over by Dr. Xenophon Moschou who had been formerly the leader of the Greek Evangelical movement in Turkey. Dr. Moschou received his training at the National University of Greece and New College, Edinburgh. He is a preacher of no mean order, as can be seen in his published sermons, Christianikai Meletai (Christian Studies)».
(Plato Ernest Shaw, American contacts with the Eastern churches, 1937, σ. 137)

«Greek Evangelical Alliance: Dr. George Constantine. Many of these churches are members of the Greek Evangelical Alliance in Smyrna founded by Dr. George Constantine, an eloquent preacher and author of a number of standard theological works in Greek, a Commentary on the Four Gospels, and a Dictionary of the Bible. The work is now in charge of Dr. Xenophon Moschou, who is also the author of a Commentary on Galatians, a catechism and a number of tracts, hymns and addresses or sermons. He has also translated Liddel and Scott's Greek Lexicon into modern Greek. The number of all the evangelical Greeks in what was Turkey was probably several thousand. Many young men escaped to the United States owing to military oppression and deportation, thus a great blow was given to all the newly starting congregations».
(J. P. Xenides, The Greeks in America, 1922, σσ. 65, 66)

Πληρέστερο βιογραφικό σημείωμα εδώ [ανενεργό λινκ], με βάση το έργο του Γ. Α. Χατζηαντωνίου, Ξενοφών Μόσχου (εκδ. Β' Ελληνικής Ευαγγελικής Εκκλησίας Αθηνών, 1958).